Peer Reviewed Publications
* Corresponding author(s); † Equal contributions
2025
– V. Gorti, A. Rajaraman Subramanian, J. Nsonwu-Farley, R. Tran, E.K. Williams, O. Torres, W. Aumann, A. Aljudi, F. E. Robles*. “Rapid, point-of-care bone marrow aspirate adequacy assessment via deep ultraviolet microscopy,” Laboratory Investigation, 105 (5), 104102, 2025
– V. Guang, A. Jacobson, P. Casteleiro Costa, Z. Li, F.E. Robles*, “Acetic Acid Enabled Nuclear Contrast Enhancement in Epi-Mode Quantitative Phase Imaging,” J. of Biomedical Optics, 30(2), 026501, 2025
– Z. Li, P. Casteleiro Costa, C. Filan, S. Bharadwaj, Z. Guang, F.E. Robles*, “Experimental assessment of the optical transfer function for quantitative oblique back illumination microscopy (qOBM),” Optics Express, 33 (3), 5088, 2025
– V. Gorti, K. McCubbins, D. Houston, A.D. Silva Trenkle, A. Holberton, C.E. Serafini, L. Wood, G. Kwong, and F.E. Robles*, “Quantifying UV-induced photo-damage for longitudinal live-cell imaging applications of deep-UV microscopy,” Biomedical Optics Express, 16 (1), 2025
2024
– C. Filan, S. Charles, P. Casteleiro Costa, W. Niu, B. Cheng, Z. Wen, H. Lu and F.E. Robles*, “Non-Invasive Label-free Imaging Analysis Pipeline for In Situ Characterization of 3D Brain Organoids,” Scientific Reports, 14, 5812, 2024
– Z. Li, P. Casteleiro Costa, Z. Guang, C. Filan, F.E. Robles*, “GAN-based quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy enables computationally efficient epi-mode refractive index tomography,” Biomedical Optics Express, 15 (7), 2024
– C. Filan, M. Green, A. Diering, M.T. Cicerone, L.S. Cheung, J.E. Kostka, F.E. Robles*, “Label-Free Functional Analysis of Root-Associated Microbes with Dynamic Quantitative Oblique Back-illumination Microscopy,” Scientific Reports 14, 5812, 2024
2023
– T.M. Abraham, P. Casteleiro Costa, C. Filan, Z. Guang, Z. Zhang, S. Neill, J.J. Olson, R. Levenson, F.E. Robles*, “Label- and slide-free tissue histology using 3D epi-mode quantitative phase imaging and virtual hematoxylin and eosin staining,” Optica 10 (12), 2023. Top 10 most downloaded papers in Optica in December 2023
– C. Filan, H. Song, M.O. Platt, F.E. Robles*, “Analysis of Structural Effects of Sickle Cell Disease on Brain Vasculature of Mice using 3D Quantitative Phase Imaging,” J. of Biomedical Optics 28 (9), 096501, 2023
– R.Q. Chen, B. Joffe, P. Casteleiro Costa, C. Filan, B. Wang, S. Balakirsky, F. E. Robles, K. Roy, and J. Li*, “Real-time Semantic Segmentation and Anomaly Detection of Functional Images for Cell Therapy Manufacturing,” Cytotherapy 25 (10), 2023
– P. Ledwig, F.E. Robles*, “Partially coherent broadband 3D optical transfer functions with arbitrary temporal and angular power spectra,” APL Photonics 8, 041301, 2023
– V. Gorti, N. Kaza, E.K. Williams, W. Lam, F.E. Robles*, “Compact and low-cost deep-ultraviolet microscope system for label-free molecular imaging and point-of-care hematological analysis,” Biomedical Optics Express 14 (3), 2023
2022
– A Ojaghi, “Deep-Ultraviolet Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Biological Samples,” Georgia Institute of Technology, Dissertation, 2022
– A. Ojaghi, E.K. Williams, N. Kaza, V. Gorti, H. Choi , J. Torey, T. Wiley, B. Turner, S. Jackson, S. Park, W. Lam, F.E. Robles*, “Label-free deep-UV microscopy detection and grading of neutropenia using a passive microfluidic device,” Optics Letters 47 (22), 2022
– S. Soltani, B. Cheng, A.O. Osunkoya, F.E. Robles*, “Deep UV Microscopy Identifies Prostatic Basal Cells: An Important Biomarker for Prostate Cancer,” BME Frontiers, 9847962, 2022
– P. Casteleiro Costa , B. Wang, C. Filan, A. Bowles-Welch , C. Yeago, K. Roy, F.E. Robles*, “Functional Imaging with Dynamic Quantitative Oblique Back-Illumination Microscopy,” J. of Biomedical Optics 27(6), 2022
– N. Kaza, A. Ojaghi, F.E. Robles*, “Virtual Staining, Segmentation and Classification of Blood Smears for Label-free Hematology Analysis,” BME Frontiers, 9853606, 2022
– S. Soltani, A. Ojaghi, H. Qiao, N. Kaza, X. Li, Q. Dai, A. O. Osunkoya, F. E. Robles*, “Prostate cancer histopathology with label-free multispectral deep UV microscopy quantifies phenotypes of tumor grade and aggressiveness,” Scientific Reports 12, 9329, 2022
– Z. Guang, P. Ledwig, P. Casteleiro Costa, C. Filan, F.E. Robles*, “Optimization of a flexible fiber-optic probe for epi-mode quantitative phase imaging,” Optics Express 30 (11), 17713-17729, 2022. In Top 10 most downloaded papers in OE in May 2022
2021
– A. Ojaghi†, P. Casteleiro Costa†, , W., F.E. Robles*, “Label-free automated neutropenia detection and grading using deep-ultraviolet microscopy,” Biomedical Optics Express 12 (10), 6115-6128, 2021
– N. Kaza, A. Ojaghi, F.E. Robles*, “Hemoglobin quantification in red blood cells via dry mass mapping based on UV absorption,” J. of Biomedical Optics 26 (8), 086501, 2021. Front cover article
– S. Soltani †, Z. Guang †, Z. Zhang, J. J. Olson, F.E. Robles*, “Label-free detection of brain tumors in a 9L gliosarcoma rat model using stimulated Raman scattering-spectroscopic optical coherence tomography,” J. of Biomedical Optics 26 (7), 076004, 2021
– P. Casteleiro Costa, Z. Guang, P. Ledwig, Z. Zhang, S. Neill, J. J. Olson, F.E. Robles*, “Towards in-vivo label-free detection of brain tumor margins with epi-illumination tomographic quantitative phase imaging,” Biomedical Optics Express 12 (3), 1621-1634, 2021
– Highlighted in “Spotlight on Optics”
– In Top 10 most downloaded papers in BOE in March and April 2021
– 2024 Biomedical Optics Express Best Paper Prize Selected from papers published in the volume years for 2021, 2022, and 2023
– P. Ledwig, F.E. Robles*, “Quantitative 3D Refractive Index Tomography of Opaque Samples in Epi-mode,” Optica 8 (1), 2021. In Top 10 most downloaded papers in Optica in January 2021
2020
– A. Ojaghi, , , , , W., F.E. Robles*, “Label-free Hematology Analysis Using Deep-Ultraviolet Microscopy,” PNAS 117 (26), 2020. Front cover article
– N. Kaza, A. Ojaghi, F.E. Robles*, “Ultraviolet hyperspectral microscopy using chromatic aberration based iterative phase-recovery,” Optics Letters 45 (10), 2020
– P. Casteleiro Costa, P. Ledwig, A. Bergquist, J. Kurtzberg, F.E. Robles*, “NonInvasive White Blood Cell Quantification in Umbilical Cord Blood Collection bags using Quantitative Oblique Back-Illumination Microscopy,” Transfusion, 60, 588-597, 2020
2019
– P. Ledwig, F.E. Robles*, “Epi-mode tomographic quantitative phase imaging in thick scattering samples,” Biomedical Optics Express 10 (7), 3605-3621, 2019. In top 10 downloads of BOE
– F.E. Robles*, “Quantitative Phase Imaging Aims at Penetrating Thick Tissues,” BioPhotonics, Nov/Dec 2019
– F.E. Robles, S. Deb, L. Vajzovic, G.K. Vora, P. Mruthyunjaya, W.S. Warren*, “Analysis of melanin structure and biochemical composition in conjunctival melanocytic lesions using pump-probe microscopy,” Translational Vision Science & Technology 8 (3):33, 2019
– S. Soltani, A. Ojaghi, F.E. Robles*, “Deep UV dispersion and absorption spectroscopy of biomolecules“, Biomedical Optics Express 10 (2) , 487-499, 2019
– F.E. Robles*, H. Linnenbank, F. Mörz, P. Ledwig, T.Steinle, H. Giessen, “Coherently broadened, high repetition rate laser for stimulated Raman scattering-spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SRS-SOCT)“, Optics Letters 44 (2), 291-294, 2019
2018
– A. Ojaghi, M.E. Fay, W.A. Lam, F.E. Robles*, “Ultraviolet Hyperspectral Interferometric Microscopy“, Scientific Reports 8, 1–6, 2018
– P. Ledwig, M. Sghayyer, J. Kurtzberg, F.E. Robles*, “Dual-wavelength oblique back-illumination microscopy for the non-invasive imaging and quantification of blood in collection and storage bags,” Biomedical Optics Express 9 (6), 2743-2754, 2018. Editor’s Pick
2017
– J.W. Wilson, F.E. Robles, S. Deb, W.S. Warren, M.C. Fischer*, “Comparison of pump-probe and hyperspectral imaging in unstained histology sections of pigmented lesions,” Biomedical Optics Express 8 (8), 2017
– F.E. Robles*, K.C. Zhou, M.C. Fischer, W.S. Warren, “Stimulated Raman Scattering spectroscopic optical coherence tomography,” Optica 4 (3), 2017
– F.E. Robles, S. Deb, M.C. Fischer, W.S. Warren*, M.A. Selim, “Label-free imaging of female genital tract melanocytic lesions with pump-probe microscopy: A promising diagnostic tool,” J. Lower Genital Tract Disease 31 (2), 2017. Front cover article
2016
– A. Thompson, F.E. Robles, J.W. Wilson, S. Deb, R. Calderbank, W.S. Warren*, “Dual-wavelength pump-probe microscopy analysis of melanin composition,” Scientific Reports 6, 2016
– F.E. Robles*, M.C. Fischer, W.S. Warren, ”Dispersion-based stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy, holography, and optical coherence tomography,” Optics Express 24 (1), 2016
– M.C. Fischer, J.W. Wilson, F.E. Robles, W.S. Warren*, “Pump probe microscopy,” Rev. Sci. Instruments 87, 031101, 2016. Invited review article
2015
– F.E. Robles, S. Deb, W.J. Wilson, C.S. Gainey, M.A. Selim, P.J. Mosca, D.S. Tyler, M.C. Fischer, W.S. Warren*, ”Pump-probe imaging of pigmented cutaneous melanoma primary lesions gives insight into metastatic potential,” Biomed. Opt. Express 6 (9), 363115, 2015
2014
– F.E. Robles*, M.C. Fischer, W.S. Warren, “Femtosecond pulse shaping enables detection of optical Kerr-effect (OKE) dynamics for molecular imaging,” Opt. Lett. 39 (16), 4788-4791, 2014. Featured cover article
– M.J. Simpson, J.W. Wilson, F.E. Robles, C.P. Dall, K. Glass, J.D. Simon, W.S. Warren*, “Near-Infrared Excited State Dynamics of Melanins: the Effects of Iron Content, Photo-Damage, Chemical Oxidation, and Aggregate Size,” J. Phys. Chem. A, doi: 10.1021/jp4107475, 2014
2013
– F.E. Robles*, J.W. Wilson, W.S. Warren, “Quantifying melanin spatial distribution using pump-probe microscopy and a two-dimensional morphological autocorrelation transformation for melanoma diagnosis,” J. Biomed. Opt. 18 (12), 2013
– V. Jaedicke, S.A. Agcaer, F.E. Robles, M. Steinert, D. Jones, S. Goebel, N.C. Gerhardt, H. Welp, M.R. Hofmann*, “Comparison of different metrics for analysis and visualization in Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography,” Biomed. Opt. Express 4 (12), 2013
– F.E. Robles*, P. Samineni, J.W. Wilson, W.S. Warren, “Pump-probe nonlinear phase dispersion spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 21 (8), 2013
– J.W. Wilson, L Vajzovic, F.E. Robles, T.J. Cummings, P. Mruthyunjaya, and W.S. Warren*, “Imaging microscopic pigment chemistry in conjunctival melanocytic lesions using pump-probe laser microscopy,” Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 13-12432v1. doi: 10.1167, 2013
– M.J. Simpson, J.W. Wilson, M.T. Phipps, F.E. Robles, M.A. Selim, and W.S. Warren*, “Nonlinear microscopy of eumelanin and pheomelanin with sub-cellular resolution,” J. Investigative Dermatology, doi: 10.1038/jid.2013.37, 2013
2012
– F.E. Robles*, J.W. Wilson, M.C. Fischer, and W.S. Warren, “Phasor analysis for nonlinear pump probe microscopy,” Opt. Express 20 (15), 2012
– A. Wax*, M.C. Giacomelli, T.E. Matthews, M.T. Rinehart, F. E. Robles, Y. Zhu, “Optical Spectroscopy of Biological Cells,” Adv. Opt. Photon. 4, 322-378, 2012
– Y. Li, K. Seekell, H. Yuan, F.E. Robles, and A. Wax*, “Multispectral nanoparticle contrast agents for true-color spectroscopic optical coherence tomography,” Biomed. Opt. Express 3 (8), 2012
2011
– M.T. Rinehart, T.K. Drake, F.E. Robles, L.C. Rohan, D. Katz, and A. Wax*, “Time resolved imaging refractometry of microbicidal films using quantitative phase microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 16 (12), 2011
– F.E. Robles, L.L. Satterwhite, and A. Wax*, “Non-linear phase dispersion spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 36 (23), 2011
– F.E. Robles, C. Wilson, G. Grant, and A. Wax*, “Molecular imaging true color spectroscopic optical coherence tomography,” Nature Photonics, Vol. 5, 744-747, 2011
– Featured in OCTnews, and Optics and Photonics News 23 (12), 42, 2011
2010
– F.E. Robles, Y. Zhu, J. Lee, S. Sharma, and A. Wax*, “Detection of early colorectal cancer development in the azoxymethane rat carcinogenesis model with Fourier domain low coherence interferometry,” Biomed. Opt. Express 1 (2), 2010
– F.E. Robles, S. Chowdhury, and A. Wax*, “Assessing hemoglobin concentration using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography for feasibility of tissue diagnostics,” Biomed. Opt. Express 1 (1), 2010
– F.E. Robles, and A. Wax*, “Separating the scattering and absorption coefficients using the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index with low coherence interferometry,” Opt. Lett., 35 (17), 2010
– F.E. Robles, and A. Wax, “Measuring morphological features using light scattering spectroscopy and Fourier-domain low-coherence interferometry,” Opt. Lett. 35 (3), 2010
2009
– R. N. Graf, F.E. Robles, and A. Wax, “Detecting precancerous lesions in a hamster cheek pouch using spectroscopic white-light optical coherence tomography to assess nuclear morphology via spectral oscillations,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14 (6), 2009
– F.E. Robles, R. Graf, A. Wax, “Dual window method for processing spectroscopic optical coherence tomography signals with simultaneously high spectral and temporal resolution,” Opt. Express 17 (8), 2009. Featured in OCTnews
– T. Drake†, F.E. Robles†, A. Wax, “Multiplexed low coherence interferometry instrument for measuring microbicide gel thickness distribution,” Appl. Opt. 48 (10), 2009. †Equal contributions
Book Chapters
– A. Wax and F.E. Robles, “Molecular Imaging True Color Spectroscopic (METRiCS) Optical Coherence Tomography,” Recent Advances in Medical Imaging Technologies, Ed: K. Iniewski, in press
– A. Wax, M.C. Giacomelli, F.E. Robles, “Elastic scattering spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography” OCT: Technology and Applications, Ed. W. Drexler and J.G. Fujimoto, 2nd Ed., DOI 10.1007/978-3-3190-6419-2 39, 2014
– Y. Zhu, F.E. Robles, N. Terry, and A. Wax, “Interferometric light scattering techniques for measuring nuclear morphology and detecting dysplasia,” Biomedical Optics Handbook, Ed. T. Vo-Dinh, CRC, 2nd Ed., 653-681, 2014
– Y. Zhu,F.E. Robles, M.T. Rinehart, and A. Wax, “Polarization and spectral techniques for quantitative phase microscopy,” Biomedical Optical Phase Microscopy and Nanoscopy, Elsevier, Ed: Natan T. Shaked, Zeev Zalevsky, and Lisa L Satterwhite, 2013
– A. Wax, R. N. Graf, and F.E. Robles, “Assessing Microscopic Structural Features Using Fourier-domain low coherence interferometry,” Handbook of Biomedical Optics, Ed. D. A. Boas, C. Pitris, and N. Ramanujam, CRC, 1st edition. Florida: Boca Raton, 2011
Patents
– A. Wax, R.N. Graf, F.E. Robles, “Multiple window processing schemes for spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Fourier domain low coherence interferometry” US patent no. 2526374